Sir, there exists, moreover, a deep and settled conviction of the benefits, which result from a close connection of all the states, for purposes of mutual protection and defense. The answer is Daniel Webster, one of the greatest orators in US Senate history, a successful attorney and Senator from Massachusetts and a complex and enigmatic man. . This would have been the case even if no positive provision to that effect had been inserted in that instrument. Union, of itself, is considered by the disciples of this school as hardly a good. . The other way was through the sale of federally-owned land to private citizens. . And now, Mr. President, let me run the honorable gentlemans doctrine a little into its practical application. But still, throughout American history, several debates have captured the nation's attention in a way that would make even Hollywood jealous. . The debate itself, a nine-day long unplanned exchange between Senators Robert Y. Hayne and Daniel Webster, directly addressed the methods by which the federal government was generating revenue, namely through protective tariffs and the selling of federal lands in the newly acquired western territories. I understand him to insist, that if the exigency of the case, in the opinion of any state government, require it, such state government may, by its own sovereign authority, annul an act of the general government, which it deems plainly and palpably unconstitutional. . I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. This feeling, always carefully kept alive, and maintained at too intense a heat to admit discrimination or reflection, is a lever of great power in our political machine. . For Calhoun, see the Speech on Abolition Petitions and the Speech on the Oregon Bill. "The most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress" may have been Webster's 1830 "Second Reply to Hayne", a South Carolina Senator who had echoed John C. Calhoun's case for state's rights.. I will yield to no gentleman here in sincere attachment to the Union,but it is a Union founded on the Constitution, and not such a Union as that gentleman would give us, that is dear to my heart. This important consideration, seriously and deeply impressed on our minds, led each state in the Convention to be less rigid, on points of inferior magnitude, than might have been otherwise expected.. It was of a partizan and censorious character and drew nearly all the chief senators out. If slavery, as it now exists in this country, be an evil, we of the present day found it ready made to our hands. I know, full well, that it is, and has been, the settled policy of some persons in the South, for years, to represent the people of the North as disposed to interfere with them, in their own exclusive and peculiar concerns. There was an end to all apprehension. Speech of Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, January 26 and 27, 1830. [2] We deal in no abstractions. South Carolinas Declaration of the Causes of Secession (1860), Jefferson Daviss Inaugural Address (1861), Documents in Detail: The Webster-Hayne Debates, Remarks in Congress on the Tariff of Abominations, Check out our collection of primary source readers. Hayne, South Carolina's foremost Senator, was the chosen champion; and the cause of his State, both in its right and wrong sides, could have found no abler exponent while [Vice President] Calhoun's official station kept him from the floor. The great debate, which culminated in Hayne's encounter with Webster, came about in a somewhat casual way. The War With Mexico: Speech in the United States H What Are the Colored People Doing for Themselves? New England, the Union, and the Constitution in its integrity, all were triumphantly vindicated. President John Quincy Adams and the Election of 1824. One of those was the Webster-Hayne debate, a series of unplanned speeches presented before the Senate between January 19th and 27th of 1830. We look upon the states, not as separated, but as united. Sir, I may be singularperhaps I stand alone here in the opinion, but it is one I have long entertained, that one of the greatest safeguards of liberty is a jealous watchfulness on the part of the people, over the collection and expenditure of the public moneya watchfulness that can only be secured where the money is drawn by taxation directly from the pockets of the people. Webster-Hayne Debate 1830, an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. He speaks as if he were in Congress before 1789. . At the time of the debate, Webster was serving his term as Senator of Massachusetts. Northern states intended to strengthen the federal government, binding the states in the union under one supreme law, and eradicating the use of slave labor in the rapidly growing nation. No hanging over the abyss of disunion, no weighing of the chances, no doubting as to what the Constitution was worth, no placing of liberty before Union, but "liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable." All regulated governments, all free governments, have been broken up by similar disinterested and well-disposed interference! . Though the debate began as a standard policy debate, the significance of Daniel Webster's argument reached far beyond a single policy proposal. Correspondence Between Anthony Butler and Presiden State of the Union Address Part II (1846). . . Hayne entered the U.S. Senate in 1823 and soon became prominent as a spokesman for the South and for the . They will also better understand the debate's political context. It is worth noting that in the course of the debate, on the very floor of the Senate, both Hayne and Webster raised the specter of civil war 30 years before it commenced. The significance of Daniel Webster's argument went far beyond the immediate proposal at hand. The debate was on. Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. . Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 25, 1830. . . . This absurdity (for it seems no less) arises from a misconception as to the origin of this government and its true character. Neither side can be said to have 'won' the debate, but Webster's articulation of the Union solidified for many the role of the federal government. Consolidation, like the tariff, grates upon his ear. There is not, and never has been, a disposition in the North to interfere with these interests of the South. It laid the interdict against personal servitude, in original compact, not only deeper than all local law, but deeper, also, than all local constitutions. Let's start by looking at the United States around 1830. The discussion took a wide range, going back to topics that had agitated the country before the Constitution was formed. The debate continued, in some ways not being fully settled until the completion of the Civil War affirmed the power of the federal government to preserve the Union over the sovereignty of the states to leave it. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. It was not a Union to be torn up without bloodshed; for nerves and arteries were interwoven with its roots and tendrils, sustaining the lives and interests of twelve million inhabitants. Where in these debates do we see a possible argument in defense of Constitutional secession by the states, later claimed by the Southern Confederacy before, during, and after the Civil War? The Webster Hayne Debate. The following states came from the territory north and west of the Ohio river: Ohio (1803), Indiana (1816), Illinois (1818), Michigan (1837), Wisconsin (1848) and Minnesota (1858). But I do not understand the doctrine now contended for to be that which, for the sake of distinctness, we may call the right of revolution. . Sir, the very chief end, the main design, for which the whole Constitution was framed and adopted, was to establish a government that should not be obliged to act through state agency, or depend on state opinion and state discretion. Sir, an immense national treasury would be a fund for corruption. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. He entered the Senate on that memorable day with a slow and stately step and took his seat as though unconscious of the loud buzz of expectant interest with which the crowded auditory greeted his appearance. But his standpoint was purely local and sectional. This debate exposed the critically different understandings of the nature of the American. Record of the Organization and Proceedings of The Massachusetts Lawmakers Investigate Working Condit State (Colonial) Legislatures>Massachusetts State Legislature. Webster argued that the American people had created the Union to promote the good of the whole. Webster's articulation of the concept of the Union went on to shape American attitudes about the federal government. Inflamed and mortified at this repulse, Hayne soon returned to the assault, primed with a two-day speech, which at great length vaunted the patriotism of South Carolina and bitterly attacked New England, dwelling particularly upon her conduct during the late war. Daniel Webster, in a dramatic speech, showed the danger of the states' rights doctrine, which permitted each State to decide for itself which laws were unconstitutional, claiming it would lead to civil war. Understand the 1830 debate's significance through an overview of issues of the Constitution, the Union, and state sovereignty. Read reviews from world's largest community for readers. This was the tenor of Webster's speech, and nobly did the country respond to it. His speech was indeed a powerful one of its eloquence and personality. The debaters were Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. When they shall become dissatisfied with this distribution, they can alter it. To all this, sir, I was disposed most cordially to respond. By means of missionaries and political tracts, the scheme was in a great measure successful. . Rachel Venter is a recent graduate of Metropolitan State University of Denver. The Virginia Resolution asserted that when the federal government undertook the deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of powers not granted to it in the constitution, states had the right and duty to interpose their authority to prevent this evil. In a time when the country was undergoing some drastic changes, this debate managed to encapsulate the essence of the growing tensions dividing the nation. But the topic which became the leading feature of the whole debate and gave it an undying interest was that of nullification, in which Hayne and Webster came forth as chief antagonists. Assuredly not. Is it the creature of the state legislatures, or the creature of the people? . Visit the dark and narrow lanes, and obscure recesses, which have been assigned by common consent as the abodes of those outcasts of the worldthe free people of color. . But, the simple expression of this sentiment has led the gentleman, not only into a labored defense of slavery, in the abstract, and on principle, but, also, into a warm accusation against me, as having attacked the system of domestic slavery, now existing in the Southern states. . Correct answers: 2 question: Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis? . . What was going on? She has a BA in political science. We do not impose geographical limits to our patriotic feeling or regard; we do not follow rivers and mountains, and lines of latitude, to find boundaries, beyond which public improvements do not benefit us. TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], The Congress Sends Twelve Amendments to the States, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 7th Debate Part I, National Disfranchisement of Colored People, William Lloyd Garrison to Thomas Shipley. But it was the honor of a caste; and the struggling bread-winners of society, the great commonalty, he little studied or understood. Hayne began the debate by speaking out against a proposal by the northern states which suggested that the federal government should stop its surveyance of land west of the Mississippi and shift its focus to selling the land it had already surveyed. He was a lawyer turned congressional representative who eventually worked his way to the office of U.S. Secretary of State. It was a speech delivered before a crowded auditory, and loud were the Southern exultations that he was more than a match for Webster. Broadside Advertisement for Runaway Slave, Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Free-Soiler, Free & Slave-holding States and Territories. Shedding weak tears over sufferings which had existence only in their own sickly imaginations, these friends of humanity set themselves systematically to work to seduce the slaves of the South from their masters. MTEL Speech: Public Discourse & Debate in the U.S. Wilmot Proviso of 1846: Overview & Significance | What was the Wilmot Proviso? . The people of the United States have declared that this Constitution shall be the Supreme Law. South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification 1832 | Crisis, Cause & Issues. . Southern states advocated for strong, sovereign state governments, a small federal government, the western expansion of the agricultural economy, and with it, the maintenance of the institution of slavery. Tariff of 1816 History & Significance | What was the Tariff of 1816? . Ah! An undefinable dread now went abroad that men were planning against the peace of the nation, that the Union was in danger; and citizens looked more closely after its safety and welfare. Explore the Webster-Hayne debate. There yet remains to be performed, Mr. President, by far the most grave and important duty, which I feel to be devolved on me, by this occasion. In this moment in American history, the federal government had relatively little power. The Destiny of America, Speech at the Dedication o An Address. Nullification, Webster maintained, was a political absurdity. Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives. That led into a debate on the economy, in which Webster attacked the institution of slavery and Hayne labeled the policy of protectionist tariffs as the consolidation of a strong central government, which he called the greatest of evils. Lincoln-Douglas Debates History & Significance | What Was the Lincoln-Douglas Debate? They will not destroy it, they will not impair itthey will only save, they will only preserve, they will only strengthen it! . I feel like its a lifeline. Be this as it may, Hayne was a ready and copious orator, a highly-educated lawyer, a man of varied accomplishments, shining as a writer, speaker, and counselor, equally qualified to draw up a bill or to advocate it, quick to memories, well fortified by wealth and marriage connections, dignified, never vulgar nor unmindful of the feelings of those with whom he mingled, Hayne moved in an atmosphere where lofty and chivalrous honor was the ruling sentiment. I did not utter a single word, which any ingenuity could torture into an attack on the slavery of the South. . . Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Overview, Impact & Significance, Public Speaking for Teachers: Professional Development, AEPA Earth Science (AZ045): Practice & Study Guide, ORELA Early Childhood Education: Practice & Study Guide, Praxis Middle School English Language Arts (5047) Prep, MTLE Physical Education: Practice & Study Guide, ILTS Mathematics (208): Test Practice and Study Guide, MTLE Earth & Space Science: Practice & Study Guide, AEPA Business Education (NT309): Help & Review, Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Examination (CPCE): Exam Prep & Study Guide, GACE Special Education Adapted Curriculum Test I (083) Prep, GACE Special Education Adapted Curriculum Test II (084) Prep, Create an account to start this course today. . Well, you're not alone. It is only by a strict adherence to the limitations imposed by the Constitution on the federal government, that this system works well, and can answer the great ends for which it was instituted. Then he began his speech, his words flowing on so completely at command that a fellow senator who heard him likened his elocution to the steady flow of molten gold. . More specifically, some of the issues facing Congress during this period included: Robert Y. Hayne served as Senator of South Carolina from 1823 to 1832. The debate, which took place between January 19th and January 27th, 1830, encapsulated the major issues facing the newly founded United States in the 1820s and 1830s; the balance of power between the federal and state governments, the development of the democratic process, and the growing tension between Northern and Southern states. Thousands of these deluded victims of fanaticism were seduced into the enjoyment of freedom in our Northern cities. Perhaps a quotation from a speech in Parliament in 1803 of Lord Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry (17691822) during a debate over the conduct of British officials in India. Most people of the time supported a small central government and strong state governments, so the federal government was much weaker than you might have expected. The dominant historical opinion of the famous debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Young Hayne of South Carolina which took place in the United States Senate in 1830 has long been that Webster defeated Hayne both as an orator and a statesman. We see its consequences at this moment, and we shall never cease to see them, perhaps, while the Ohio shall flow. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 27, 1830. . He joined Hayne in using this opportunity to try to detach the West from the East, and restore the old cooperation of the West and the South against New England. . I regard domestic slavery as one of the greatest of evils, both moral and political. It cannot be doubted, and is not denied, that before the formation of the constitution, each state was an independent sovereignty, possessing all the rights and powers appertaining to independent nations; nor can it be denied that, after the Constitution was formed, they remained equally sovereign and independent, as to all powers, not expressly delegated to the federal government. In many respects, his speech betrays the mentality of Massachusetts conservatives seeking to regain national leadership and advance their particular ideas about the nation. . Their own power over their own instrument remains. If the gentleman provokes the war, he shall have war. . I distrust, therefore, sir, the policy of creating a great permanent national treasury, whether to be derived from public lands or from any other source. . In January 1830, a debate on the nature of sovereignty in the America. The Significance of the Frontier in American Histo South Carolinas Ordinance of Nullification. . The 1830 WebsterHayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. What followed, the Webster Hayne debate, was one of the most famous exchanges in Senate history. There was no winner or loser in the Webster-Hayne debate. I propose to consider it, and to compare it with the Constitution. The people had had quite enough of that kind of government, under the Confederacy. Sir, the opinion which the honorable gentleman maintains, is a notion, founded in a total misapprehension, in my judgment, of the origin of this government, and of the foundation on which it stands. If an inquiry should ever be instituted in these matters, however, it will be found that the profits of the slave trade were not confined to the South.

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