Introduction: National Flags of the Confederacy . Historian Gaines M. Foster for Zcalo Public Square writes that its use was regional and tied to the memory of the war. (Toppling statues is a first step toward ending Confederate myths.). flag. national flag consisting of white stars (50 since July 4, 1960) on a blue canton with a field of 13 alternating stripes, 7 red and 6 white. [note 4][20] The first showing of the 13-star flag was outside the Ben Johnson House in Bardstown, Kentucky; the 13-star design was also in use as the Confederate navy's battle ensign[citation needed]. In such cases, one of the company flags would be chosen to serve as the regimental flag. He did not share in the nostalgia for the Union that many of his fellows Southerners felt, believing that the South's flag should be completely different from that of the North. [42] The flag's stars represented the number of states in the Confederacy. Designed by William Porcher Miles, one of the congressmen of the Confederate, the new flag had a blue X-shaped pattern called St. Andrew's Cross against a red background. The pattern and colors of this flag did not distinguish it sharply fom the Stars and Stripes of the Union. Return to the Confederate Flags Home Page. A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. Miles also told the Committee on the Flag and Seal about the general's complaints and request that the national flag be changed. Also available below is a Vinyl Decal (suitable for outdoor use). Realizing that they quickly needed a national banner to represent their sovereignty, the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States set up the Committee on Flag and Seal. The flags that were actually produced by the Richmond Clothing Depot used the 1.5:1 ratio adopted for the Confederate navy's battle ensign, rather than the official 2:1 ratio. [13] The Columbia-based Daily South Carolinian observed that it was essentially a battle flag upon a flag of truce and might send a mixed message. Choose from a wide range of high quality 4K or HD videos and footage. This was replaced again in 2003 with a flag resembling the Stars and Bars. A white rectangle two times as wide as it is tall, a red quadrilateral in the canton, inside the canton is a blue saltire with white outlining, with thirteen white five-pointed stars of equal size inside the saltire. General Pierre T. Beauregard chose a variation on the cross . The result was the square flag sometimes known as the . The name derived from the blue canton with a circle of white stars and the three red, white, and red bars in the flag's field. [34][35] As a result of this first usage, the flag received the alternate nickname of the "Jackson Flag". Isnt the Rectangular battle flag really the Navy Jack? This flag saw action in the battles in the west. Hundreds of examples were submitted from across the Confederate States and from states that were not yet part of Confederacy (e.g. -"Letter from Richmond" by the Richmond correspondent of the, Journal of the Confederate Congress, Volume 6, p.477, John D. Wright, The Language of the Civil War, p.284, Healy, Donald T.; Orenski, Peter J. View. Measures: 3 feet by 5 feet FLAG QUALITY AND USES Standard Quality Construction: Super-weave polyester - Our most popular quality level 04 Mar 2023 21:30:08 But how did the battle flag, also known as the Southern Cross, come to represent the Confederacy in the first place? [citation needed]. This is the actual Stars & Bars, first official flag of the Confederate States of America, specifically the 13-star version which flew from 1861 to 1863: Confederate Stars & Bars ( public domain) Judging from the $12.00 price that Ruskell later received for a bunting Confederate 1st national that was 6 feet long on the fly, it is thought that the 43 flags that he delivered in July and August were 4 feet on their hoist by 6 feet on their fly with eleven white, 5-pointed stars arranged in a circle or ellipse. The First Official Flag of the Confederacy. In the early summer of 1861, the army was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) commanded by Gen. R.E. In 1961, South Carolina began to fly the Confederate flag over its state house. In this image from January 6, 2021, a man flies the flag at the rally for then-President Donald Trump that led to an armed siege of the U.S. Capitol. In 2000, the NAACP began a 15-year-long economicboycott of South Carolina because of its use of the flag. The Confederate battle flag was born of necessity after the Battle of Bull Run. This flag, made of Merino, was raised by Letitia Tyler over the Alabama state capitol. Share. The editor of the Charleston Mercury expressed a similar view: "It seems to be generally agreed that the 'Stars and Bars' will never do for us. The three states with coasts along the Gulf (Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana) accounted for 39 flags in the survey. The garrison flag of the Confederate forces Flag officially used: September 1860 Summer, 1861, George P. Gilliss flag, also known as the Biderman Flag, the only Confederate flag captured in California (Sacramento). As the Confederacy grew, so did the numbers of stars: two were added for Virginia and Arkansas in May 1861, followed by two more representing Tennessee and North Carolina in July, and finally two more for Missouri and Kentucky (while the legality of Missouri's secession is contested, neither states partisan governments achieved substantive territory or population). [11], Initial reaction to the second national flag was favorable, but over time it became criticized for being "too white." Stars and bars may refer to: Stars and Bars (flag), the first (1861-1863) flag of the Confederate States of America Stars and Bars (1988 film), 1988 comedy starring Daniel Day-Lewis Stars and Bars (1917 film), 1917 silent film comedy directed by Victor Heerman Hundreds of designs were submitted and on May 4, 1861, the First National Flag was adopted (there would eventually be two others). Moise liked the design but asked that "the symbol of a particular religion not be made the symbol of the nation." One such 12-star flag resides in the collection of Richmond's Museum of the Confederacy and the other is in the Confederate Memorial Hall Museum in New Orleans. A Virginia Department of Historic Resources marker declaring Fairfax, Virginia, as the birthplace of the Confederate battle flag was dedicated on April 12, 2008, near the intersection of Main and Oak Streets, in Fairfax, Virginia. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars", used from 1861 to 1863; the "Stainless Banner", used from 1863 to 1865; and the "Blood-Stained Banner", used in 1865 shortly before the Confederacy's dissolution. As might be expected for unit flags from the eleventh Confederate state, eight of the unit flags from this region bore eleven stars, all but one in a pure circle of eleven stars. The Confederate War Department chose two similar sized flags for the forts that came under their control as a result of secession. One of Earth's loneliest volcanoes holds an extraordinary secret. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, This empress was the most dangerous woman in Rome. In 1989 friends of Memorial Hall paid for the conservation of a Confederate Battle Flag given to the museum by Rene Beauregard, son of General PGT Beauregard. The original flag of the Confederate States of America, commonly known as the "STARS AND BARS", was approved by the Congress of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States, and first hoisted over the capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama, on the afternoon of the 4th day of March, 1861. In the early summer of 1861, the army was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) commanded by Gen. R.E. One seven-star jack still exists today (found aboard the captured ironclad CSS Atlanta) that is actually "dark blue" in color (see illustration below, left). The Confederacy adopted a total of three national flags before its collapse in 1865. Flag flown by Confederate Missouri regiments during the Vicksburg campaign. Variant of the first national flag with 13 stars, The second national flag of the Confederate States of America. Because of its similarity to the U.S. flag, the Stars and Bars was sometimes confused with the Stars and Stripes in the smoke of battle. In February of 1863 the purchase of these 1st national flags ceased when General Beauregard instituted the battle flag of the Army of Northern Virginia, as modified by Charlston Clothing Depot. Many Confederates disliked the Stars and Bars, seeing it as symbolic of a centralized federal power against which the Confederate states claimed to be seceding. Adopted in February 1865, as a result from complaints made by the Confederate Navy that he predominate white color of the second national flag caused it be mistaken for a flag of surrender. The results were mixed. In the early months of the War, the Confederate War Department relied exclusively on the patriotic effusion of the ladies of the South for the unit colors of the units that assembled in Richmond during the Spring and Summer of 1861. The design that was rejected early in 1861 as the Confederate national flag was adopted by Joseph E. Johnson and P.G.T. The Southern Cross symbolized rebelliousness,writes historian John M. Koskibut now it gained a more specific connotation of resistance to the civil rights movement and to racial integration.. [37] Also, Confederate regiments carried many other flags, which added to the possibility of confusion. "[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], The Confederate Congress debated whether the white field should have a blue stripe and whether it should be bordered in red. In 1816, the command operated in Missouri and Arkansas but was transferred to Northern Mississippi. In Texas, various lone star designs were used during the was for Texas Independence in 1836. Notable examples include the flag that adorned the coffin of Confederate president Jefferson Davis, that of the Washington Artillery, famed artillery unit of New Orleans, the First Florida Infantry which saw action along side many Louisiana units at Shiloh, and the Sixth Louisiana (Orleans Rifles) embroidered with the inscription Let Us Alone, Trust In God. There is an active flag restoration program and donors may contribute funds to be used toward the restoration of any flag. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. He also argued that the diagonal cross was "more Heraldric [sic] than Ecclesiastical, it being the 'saltire' of Heraldry, and significant of strength and progress. As historian Caroline E. Janneynotes, the Lost Cause myth came about immediately after the war as Confederates struggled to come to terms with their defeat in a postwar climate of economic, racial, and social uncertainty.. William Miles delivered a speech supporting the simple white design that was eventually approved. While no standard proportions or sizes prevailed nationwide in the Confederate States of America, a survey of 112 identified company or regimental flags from the cis-Mississippi states that conform to the pattern of the Confederate 1st national flag does indicate that several regional variations do predominate. The red space above and below to be the same width as the white. p. 211. Its popularity persisted, and over the ensuing decades, the battle flag became a generic symbol of rebellion spotted on TV shows like The Dukes of Hazzardand on stage with bands likeLynyrd Skynyrd. Save up to 30% when you upgrade to an image pack. Activist and filmmaker Brittany "Bree" Newsome climbed a 30-foot pole outside of the South Carolina state capitol to remove the Confederate flag weeks after a shooting at a predominantly Black Charleston church in 2015. He described these changes and his reasons for making them in early 1861. The Bonnie Blue Flag is on the right. (Miles had originally planned to use a blue St. George's Cross like that of the South Carolina Sovereignty Flag, but was dissuaded from doing so.) All rights reserved. On April 23, 1863, the Savannah Morning News editor William Tappan Thompson, with assistance from William Ross Postell, a Confederate blockade runner, published an editorial championing a design featuring the battle flag on a white background he referred to later as "The White Man's Flag," a name which never caught on. Although this design was never a national flag, it is the most commonly recognized symbol of the Confederacy. Early flags contain seven stars for the original seven states of the Confederacy. By the early 20th century, white Southerners had mythologized an imagined South that fought the war not to uphold slavery but to protect states rights and a genteel way of lifean idyll endangered by Northern aggression and interference. Currently 24 Flags are on display, while 9 conserved flags await framing, and several others are being considered for conservation. The "Stars and Bars" was unpopular among Confederates for its resemblance to the United States flag, which caused . CONFEDERATE 1ST NATIONAL UNIT FLAGS IN SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA. 1863-1865 version of Confederate Flag. Find the perfect The stars and bars flag stock video clips. Miles' flag lost out to the "Stars and Bars". HistorianWilliam Sturkey, an associate professor at the University of North Carolina and author of Hattiesburg: An American City in Black and White, says that racists turn to the symbol again and again when they feel embattled and threatened. [47], The Second Confederate Navy Jack was a rectangular cousin of the Confederate Army's battle flag and was in use from 1863 until 1865. When does spring start? The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars&qu. With the war over, the South entered Reconstruction, a period during which the now reunified United States ended slavery and gave Black Americans citizenship and voting rights. If Miles had not been eager to conciliate the Southern Jews, his flag would have used the traditional upright "Saint George's Cross" (as used on the flag of England, a red cross on a white field). Four flags with nine stars (eight around a center star) emanated from Louisiana but two also were made in Mississippi in the same style. Buy Today. Regiments carried flags to help commanders observe and assess battles in the warfare of the era. Heres the technology that helped scientists find itand what it may have been used for. The trend continued with local reenactment groups raising the necessary funds to conserve flags. What if we could clean them out? General Johnston suggested making it square to conserve material. Known as the Stars and Bars, the flag featured a white star for each Confederate state on a blue background, and three stripes, two red and one white. Beaureguard for the battle flag then named the Army of the Potomac. Thereafter, the number of stars continued to increase until Tennessee gained her seat as the 11th State on 2 July 1861. On 4 March 1861 the Confederate States of America adopted its first national flag, the "Stars and Bars", and raised it over the dome of the temporary capitol in Montgomery, Alabama.. Interestingly, a significant number of Tennessee company and regimental 1st national flags were made of silk and were of very large size, often exceeding 8 feet on their flys. Heres why each season begins twice. After taking command of the main Confederate army in the west, Gen. Jos E. Johnson adopted this variation of the Virginia Battle Flag for the Army of Tennessee. Its a story of rebellion, racism, and disagreement over the true history of the Civil Warand as the controversy over its use during the Capitol riots shows, its divisive even 160 years after it was designed. William Porcher Miles, a Confederate congressman and Beauregards aide-de-camp, designed it, borrowing an X-shaped pattern known as St. Andrews Cross and emblazoning it with one star for each seceding state. A rejected national flag design was also used as a battle flag by the Confederate Army and featured in the "Stainless Banner" and "Blood-Stained Banner" designs. Hetty Cary and her sister and cousin made prototypes. Protesters fought the symbol in public spaces and educational institutions. The flags of the Confederate States of America have a history of three successive designs during the American Civil War. All rights reserved. The garrison flag was to measure 18 feet on the hoist by 28 feet on the fly, and the storm flag was to be half that size 9 feet on the hoist by 14 feet on the fly. From the heartland of the Confederacy (Tennessee and Kentucky) 18 identified flags were surveyed. However, Miles' flag was not well received by the rest of the Congress. Stars and Bars (final version) "[11], The flag is also known as the Stainless Banner, and the matter of the person behind its design remains a point of contention. [16], One of the first acts of the Provisional Confederate Congress was to create the Committee on the Flag and Seal, chaired by William Porcher Miles, a Democratic congressman, and Fire-Eater from South Carolina. Beauregard gave a speech encouraging the soldiers to treat the new flag with honor and that it must never be surrendered. Adult Admission: Adult $10.00 Children (under the age of 14) $5:00. More than double that number (12), however, bore eleven stars, with all but two arranged in a circle that included all eleven stars. Add to Plan. William T. Thompson, the editor of the Savannah-based Daily Morning News also objected to the flag, due to its aesthetic similarity to the U.S. flag, which for some Confederates had negative associations with emancipation and abolitionism. In 2000, the flag over the state house was removed, at the . Marschall also designed the Confederate army uniform. Consequently, considerable . The version produced even today for the Stars and Bars, or First National Confederate, features the original seven star pattern in the blue canton. Though it hassome Black supporters, it remains shorthand for a defiant South and all that implies. In a Feb. 10 memo to its public affairs offices, the Defense Department said that having service members carry the U.S. flag horizontally or land it on the ground after a parachute jump is no . The number remained 11 through the summer, but increased when Missouri and Kentucky were admitted to the CSA by Acts of Congress approved 28 November 1861 and 10 December 1861, respectively. Were most of the flags made in the Confederacy sewn by hand or by sewing machine? From this bunting Ruskell assembled at least 43 flags, for which he was paid $11.50 each. Amid the smoke and general chaos of battle, it was hard to distinguish the Confederate national flag, the "Stars and Bars," from the U. S. national flag, the "Stars and Stripes." Confederate Congressman William Porcher Miles suggested that the army have a distinct battle flag. Those inspired by the Stars and Stripes were discounted almost immediately by the Committee due to mirroring the Union's flag too closely. These Confederate national colors seem to have measured 4 feet on their hoist by 5 1/2 feet on the fly. During the Civil War, some of the units from Louisiana and Texas adopted the Bonnie Blue flag as their official banner of the Confederacy. A young . Photograph courtesy the Library of Congress, Photograph by Flip Schulke, CORBIS/Corbis/Getty, Photograph by Kris Graves, National Geographic.

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